梵语诗学的现代运用

Modern Application of Sanskrit Poetics

印度学者认为,梵语诗学应该成为世界文化遗产的一部分。一百年来,以泰戈尔等人为起点和代表,印度学者利用味论、韵论、庄严论、曲语论、合适论等梵语诗学理论评价东西方文学即"梵语诗学批评"已经蔚然成风。本文首先对梵语诗学批评在印度国内的发展概况作了简介。梵语诗学批评有其深刻的历史文化成因,也有时代发展的外部动力和印度民族自信心增强的内部因素。西方话语在当今全球化时代的强势存在是印度当代学界提倡并进行梵语诗学批评的重要因素。就梵语诗学批评而言,它有其存在的合理因素,但它的实践目前还存在一些问题,其发展前景值得关注。印度以外的部分东西方学者也以梵语诗学原理进行文学评论,这是一个值得关注的国际文化现象,是全球化时代东西文化互动的自然产物。梵语诗学批评对于中国学者提倡以中国文论评价东西方文学的学术举措具有一定的示范价值,但梵语诗学批评的诸多有利因素使之比中国文论批评更容易获得广阔的生存空间。

Sanskrit poetics, Indian scholars argue, should become part of the world cultural heritage. For one century, from Rabindranath Tagore onwards, Indian scholars have unanimously applied such classical Sanskrit literary theories as Rasa（ poetic relish） , Dhvani（suggestion） , Alankara （ embellishment）, Vakrokti （ indirect speech） and Aucitya （appropriateness） to the appreciation of Eastern and Western literature, which can be termed as ＂application of Sanskrit poetics＂. First of all, this article gives a brief survey of the development of the application of Sanskrit poetics in India. This application has its profound historical and cultural background, and its external dynamics is stemmed from the change of the time and its internal motive force is the fact that Indians have become more confident so far. Indian intellectual circles show great interest in the modern application of Sanskrit poetics under the cultural circumstance of dominant Western discourses, There have been some problems unsolved in the application of Sanskrit poetics. Therefore, it has an uncertain prospect. It＇ s observed that some Eastern and Western scholars outside India also interpret literature in the light of Sanskrit poetics. This international cultural phenomenon is the result of the interaction between the Western and Eastern cultures during the period of globalization. The application of Sanskrit poetics can be of use for some Chinese scholars who advocate the application of Chinese literary theories to the interpretation of Western and Eastern literatures. Compared with Chinese literary theories, Sanskrit poetics has a wider scope for its application owing to some favorable factors.