二元文本的艺术张力——诺曼·梅勒《夜幕下的大军》的叙事伦理分析

The Artistic Tension of a Dual Text:An Analysis of the Narrative Ethics of Norman Mailer's Armies of the Night

与文学史上那些大多数恪守文体虚构与非虚构"泾渭分明"属性的经典相比,诺曼.梅勒的非虚构小说《夜幕下的大军》无疑是一部有意味的二元文本。在小说中,作者将两种看似互不相容、互为矛盾的——虚构与非虚构的二元叙事元素,通过两大板块即"作为小说的历史"和"作为历史的小说"来体现,在相互对照和显现中达到相互制衡,使全篇形成融会贯通、浑然一体的独特架构,显示出别样的叙事伦理,获得了作为一般虚构小说或非虚构的历史和新闻所难以具备的、独具博大阐释空间和想象空间的艺术张力。这种张力主要通过文本的叙事结构与叙事节奏、虚构性与非虚构性描写、叙事性话语与非叙事性话语、人物形象的内在矛盾性等方面表现出来。作者所坚守的反叛型文化理念是成就其文本独特叙事伦理的内在原因,这个内因又促成了其由反传统的小说观和反传统的新闻观所组构的反叛型叙事观。

Norman Mailer＇ s Armies of the Night is a signifigant ＂dual＂ text. In the novel, the author puts fiction and nonfiction together. The two contradictory narrative elements are presented in two parts-＂ the history as novel＂ and ＂the novel as history＂, thus forming a unified and comprehensive special structure which demonstrates different narrative ethics. There is achieved an artistic tension which provides space for interpretations and imagination, a tension not possessed by the normal fiction or nonfictional history or news. This kind of tension is mainly displayed through the narrative structure of text, the narrative rhythm, fictional and nonfictional descriptions, narrative and non-narrative discourses and the intrinsic contradiction of characters. The unique narrative ethics of this text has resuled from the author＇ s anti-traditional view of culture, a view which directly leads to his anti-traditional view of narrative consisting of his anti-traditional views of fiction and news.