语义预设与规约隐涵

Semantic Presupposition and Conventional Implicature

语义预设有典型语义预设和非典型语义预设之分。“规约隐涵”,本质上是一个语义学概念,是无须借助语境参数就可直接从语句中析出的那些非真值条件意义。它可分为普通规约隐涵和特殊规约隐涵。普通规约隐涵又可分为级差隐涵和非级差隐涵。语义预设与规约隐涵具有交叉关系;特殊规约隐涵与非典型语义预设具有属种关系,与典型语义预设具有交叉关系;典型语义预设与规约隐涵具有交叉关系,与普通规约隐涵具有对立关系。厘清语义预设和规约隐涵的概念及其相互关系,对于丰富和充实语用学、语义学的理论内涵,对于纠正目前存在的种种相关谬误,具有极其重要的意义。

Semantic presupposition can be typical or non-typical. ＂Conventional implicature＂ is essentially a semantic concept and refers to those conditional meanings of non-logic value independent of the context. It can be divided into common conventional implicature and particularized conventional implicature; and the former can be further classified into implicature of grading difference and that of non-grading difference. There is crossing relationship between semantic presupposition and conventional implicature. Non-typical semantic presupposition belongs to the category of particularized conventional implicature, which is cross related with typical semantic presupposition, while typical semantic presupposition, contradictory to common conventional implicature, has crossing relationship with conventional implicature. It is very meaningful to differentiate between all these concepts and relations so as to remove the possible misunderstandings in this field and it will help enrich the theoretical connotation of pragmatics and semantics.