英国中产阶级与19世纪城市发展

British Middle Class and the Urban Development in 19th Century

19世纪英国城市的迅速发展,促进了城市社会中新型中间阶层的不断发展壮大,预示了英国社会由两极型社会向着橄榄型社会演变的趋向。而中产阶级的茁壮成长,反过来又对城市的发展产生了巨大的影响。它促使城市功能形态发生变化,出现工业区、商业区、居住区的功能分区。从交通方式到居民居住模式都发生了变化,中产阶层及社会精英迁居城郊或郊区的独立、半独立式住宅,使城市发展出现了郊区化趋势。此外,中产阶级的壮大,还促进了城镇管理走向民主,从城镇寡头统治向选举产生的市政机关演变。

The 19th century British urbanization accelerated the growth of the newly arising middle class, indicating its transformation from a polarized society to an olive-shaped one. The rapid growth of the middle class had in turn boosted the urban development： urban am~ was divided into industrial zone, corranereial zone and residential zone. People＇s way of traveling between home and work changed, as well as their habitation. The middle class and the elite moved to suburban areas to live in detached or semi-detached houses, thus forming the tendency of suburbanization. Moreover, the grown middle class pushed forward the demeemtic city management, that is, from oligarchy governing to election-based municipal governing.