中国当代监护立法考查及评判

The Examination and Evaluation of Contemporary Chinese Guardianship Legislation

监护是对特殊民事主体的人身、财产及其他合法权益的监督与保护。监护制度是一种重要的民事法律制度,它通过不同法律部门的规定,对特定的民事主体进行民事行为能力补充,监督、保护其人身、财产利益及其他合法权益。我国的监护立法采取的是广义的监护立法方式,即不区分亲权和监护,统一用监护称呼之,包括对未成年人的监护和对无(限制)民事行为能力的成年人的监护。我国立法将监护责任的归责原则由单一的无过错责任原则引向多元的区别主义的归责原则体系,即以无过错责任原则为主,包括过错责任原则和过错推定责任原则。

Guardianship is supervision and protection of the person, property and other legal rights and interests to the special civil subject. It is a kind of important civil legal system, it passes the regulations of different law departments, carries on civil capacity to supplement to the particular civil subject to supervise, protect its rights of the person, property interests and other legal rights and interests. What the guardianship of our country legislated to take is the legislative way of generalized guardianship, i.e. It does not distinguish the right of kissing and guardianship, it use the call of guarding in unison, including to minors＇ guardianship and to having （limiting） no guardianship of the adult of civil capacity. Our country guardian legislation should guide having fault responsibility principle into plural difference doctrine principle system, rely mainly on no responsibility principle of faulting, including responsibility principle of the fault and fault infer the responsibility principle.