王弼“得意忘象”解《易》方法辨析

Analysis of WANG Bi's approach in interpreting the Zhouyi

对王弼解《易》的传统理解,学者多认为是"扫象"说。结合王弼《周易略例》和《周易注》进行分析,可以发现,这种看法明显偏颇。诚然,在解《易》的方法上,王弼主张"得意忘象",但他在解《易》过程中意在强调"象"的工具性和"意"的目的性。王弼此种解《易》路数并未"尽黜象数"。实际上,王弼对汉代以来之象数既有所扫,又有所保留。与其说王弼解《易》是"尽黜象数",不如说是"扫象阐理"。王弼"得意忘象"这一解《易》方法,开启了中国传统哲学对经典的解读思路,不但开义理解《易》之先河,也发宋明义理易学之先声。本文通过分析王弼解《易》的这一方法论内容与特点,进一步揭示其在中国哲学史与易学史上的理论意义。

Traditionally, scholars mostly take WANG Bi＇s approach in interpreting the Zhouyi as ＂discarding specific images＂. Drawing references from WANG＇s Zhouyi lue li （Rough Layouts for and Brief Commentaries on Zhouyi） and Zhouyi zhu （Annotations on Zhouyi）, we can make an analysis and find that the traditional view is biased. True. as for the interpreting approach, WANG Bi advocated the way of ＂forgetting images after getting ideas＂ when interpreting the Zhouyi. at the same time he aimed to focus on the images as means and ideas as goal. In fact, in the approach of interpreting the Zhouyi, WANG Bi didn＇t eliminate the images and numbers since the Han Dynasty completely, but kept part of them, so it＇s better to say that WANG Bi discarded images in order to elucidate the metaphysical meaning conceived in them. WANG＇s approach of ＂forgetting images after getting idea＂ set a new style for traditional Chinese philosophy to interpret the Classics, not only marked the beginnings of interpreting Yi by philosophical connotation but also heralded the Yi-ology of neoConfucianism in the Song and Ming dynasties. By analyzing the content and feature in WANG Bi＇s interpretaion of the Zhouyi, this paper, furthermore, points out its theoretical significance in the history of Chinese philosophy and Yi-ology.