《周易》与类比推理

The Zhouyi and reasoning from analogy

中国古代无逻辑的观点源自逻辑一元论。本文认为,人类思维形式的多样性决定了逻辑的多元性。人类对思维形式的认识,还处于初期阶段;随着人类认识活动的不断发展,新的思维形式还会层出不穷。由于文化背景的差异,不同地区的人对思维形式的选择不尽相同。西方人注重演绎,中国人注重类比。《周易》就是一个属于类比性质的符号推理系统,一直规范影响着中国人的思维活动。华夏民族将象形文字发展为象意文字,决定了"以象尽意"的《周易》符号推理系统的形成。中国人注重体悟自然、追寻智慧的求道精神,是《周易》推理系统得以千年传承的哲学基础。类比推理是中国文化发展的必然选择,也是中国文化继往开来的主要思维方式。

The idea that ancient Chinese thought didn＇t embody logos originates from logic monism. This paper holds that it is the variety of human thinking mode that results in the multiplicity of logos. It is at the primary stage of the learning about thinking mode for human being~ new modes are emerging in quick succession with the development of human cognitive activity. Because of the difference of cultural background, people living in different areas choose incompletely similar thinking mode. The western stresses deduction while the Chinese stresses analogy. The theory of the Zhouyi belongs to a symbolic reasoning system from analogy, exerts an influence on and standardizes the Chinese thinking activity. The Cathay developed pictographs into ideographic character, leading to the formation of reasoning system of ＂making emblematic symbols to set forth fully ideas＂ in the Zhouyi. It is Chinese people＇s spirit of pursuing the Dao, stressing comprehending the way of nature and seeking intelligence that serves as the philosophical basis, on which to make the reasoning system in the Zhouyi passed on over thousands of years. Reasoning from analogy is the inevitable outcome in Chinese culture development and is the major thinking way when the culture is carried forward and forged ahead.