中美公共安全管理比较

Comparison of Emergency Management between in China and in USA

基于比较的视角对中美公共安全管理从发展历程、管理组织、管理原则和系统管理与阶段管理4个方面进行分析,发现:美国公共安全管理以法律为基础,依法运行,我国多是以历史实践为基础,以行政为手段;非政府组织在美国公共安全管理中占有重要地位,而我国非政府组织的参与力度非常薄弱,我国的志愿者组织也很不完善;美国的公共安全管理原则有坚强的理论支撑,而我国的公共安全管理理论支撑则相对薄弱;美国公共安全管理系统性、一致性明显好于我国。建议我国公共安全管理增强合法性,加强法制建设;培育政府之外的社会力量;加强公共安全管理的理论研究;进一步完善公共安全管理的系统管理与阶段管理,使其具有更高的理论水平和科技水准。

Four aspects of emergency management between in China and in USA including developing course, management organization, management principles, and system management and phase management, are analyzed and compared. It is found that emergency management in USA is based on laws and runs according to laws while that in China is mostly based on historical practices and runs by means of administration, that USA＇s non-government organizations play an important role in emergency management while China＇s non-government organizations play a small role and China＇s voluntary organizations are not solid as well, that the theoretical support for emergency management in USA is strong while the one for that in China is relatively weak, and that the systematicness and consistency of emergency management in USA is better than the one of that in China. To improve this situation in China, corresponding suggestions are provided such as increasing the legitimacy of emergency management, strengthening the construction of laws and regulations in this field, cultivating social organizations outside of governments, intensifying the theoretical research on emergency management, further perfecting the system management and stage management of emergency management so as to reach a higher level of science and technology.