南方某市轨道交通四号线工程建设项目卫生学预评价

Hygiene Pre-Evaluation of the Construction Project for the Line 4 Urban Subway in a Southern City

目的对南方某市轨道交通四号线工程项目在可行性研究阶段进行卫生学预评价,为建设和运营提供卫生管理依据和建议,为行政审批提供科学依据。方法选择同一城市已建成投入运营的地铁一号线进行类比分析,同时结合检查表法进行预评价。结果主要卫生设施等方面的设计要求总体上符合卫生学原则;该项目建成运营后可能产生的主要健康影响因素有噪声、不舒适的微小气候、地面的交通尾气、冷却水中的军团菌等。站厅、站台、列车的风速超标率分别为44.44%、16.67%、31.25%,湿度超标率分别为22.22%、22.22%、25.00%,噪声超标率分别为13.89%、33.33%、37.50%;通风空调系统嗜肺军团菌超标率为25.00%。结论按照卫生学预评价意见,建立健全卫生管理制度,完善必要的卫生设施,运营过程中产生的各种影响乘客健康因素可得到控制、减轻或消除,从公共场所卫生学角度评估该项目是可行的。

Objective To evaluate and predict hazards related with passenger＇s health in the line 4 urban subway in a southern city, to provide scientific evidence for the inspection by health administrative department on this construction project. Methods Analogizing was used by selecting the hne 1 subway which is similar with this construction project in the same city and checklist was also used at the same time. Results The main hazards which may exist in this construction project were： noise, uncomfortable wind speed and relative humidity, traffic exhaust gas from ground, legionella pneumophila in water from the cooling towers of centralized air conditioning system. In the hall, the platform and inside the train, exceeding rates of wind speed were 44.44%, 16. 67%, 31.25% respectively; exceeding rates of relative humidity were 22. 22%, 22. 22%, 25.00% respectively; exceeding rates of noise were 13. 89% ,33.33% ,37. 50% respectively; and exceeding rate of legionella pneumophila in air conditioning was 25.00%. The main hygienic facilities including air conditioning were in accord with hygienic principle as a whole. Conclusion According to hygienic pre - evaluation report, the project should take effective measures, set up and perfect health management and emergency rescue measures, perfect necessary hygienic facilities. So hazards related with passenger＇s health in this construction could be controlled and minimized. From the view of hygiene, this construction is feasible.