雷州半岛埃及伊蚊的分布、生态、密度与季节消长的研究

Investigation of Distribution,Ecological Status,Density and Seasonal Growth-decline of Aegypti in Leizhou Peninsula

〔目的〕掌握雷州半岛埃及伊蚊的本底情况,为做好黄热病、登革热等传染病的预防和传播媒介控制工作提供科学依据。〔方法〕采用幼虫指数调查法对雷州半岛的埃及伊蚊的种群分布、生态、密度、季节消长情况进行调查。〔结果〕分布:埃及伊蚊仅发现于雷州半岛西海岸的企水镇和乌石镇。生态:具有严格的家栖性,孳生环境简单,仅孳生于居民住宅和渔船的生活及饮用水容器中,如水缸、水柜等;密度:埃及伊蚊疫点中,共调查210户、427处孳生地;其中阳性户92户、阳性孳生地114处。平均密度:房屋指数43.8%、容器指数26.7%、布雷图指数54;在同一疫点不同环境(χ12=16.88,P<0.005)和不同疫点相同环境(χ22=22.19,P<0.005)埃及伊蚊密度对比,差异均具有显著性。季节消长:一年四季均可繁殖生长,四季密度高低依次为:夏、春、秋、冬。夏季为高峰期,冬季为低谷,呈单峰形。〔结论〕雷州半岛存在传播黄热病、登革热等热带传染病的主要传播媒介——埃及伊蚊,其分布局限于沿海地区、密度高。需随时做好媒介监测和掌握传染病疫情动态,及时控制传播媒介密度和孳生,防患于未燃。

Objective To investigate the distribution ecological status, density and seasonal growth-decline of aegypti, and to provide scientific basis to prevent spreading of infectious diseases in Leizhou peninsula. Method The larva of aegypti were investigated by index number method. Result The aegypti was found in the towns of Qishui and Wushi, and distributed in household water containers and fishing boat, such as water jar and closet.427 breeding places of 210 households were investigated, 114 breeding places of 92 households were positive. The content index was 26.7%, the households index was 43.8%, the breteau index was 54. There were high significant differences between the fishing boat and the household in the Qishui （P〈 0.05）, as well as fishing boat between in the Qishui and Wushi （P〈 0.05）. The highest density appeared in summer, the lowest in winter. Conclusion It is possible to transmit tropic infectious diseases of yellow fever and dengue fever in Leizhou peninsula.