添加碳素复(混)合相变储热材料的研究及应用进展

Research and application of affix carbon composite (hybrid) phase change materials for thermal energy storage

相变储热材料因具有储热密度大、相变温度变化小且过程易控制等优点而在许多领域具有重要应用。但传统的相变储热材料存在导热系数低及固-液相变过程中液态泄漏问题,阻碍了其实际应用。碳材料如石墨、碳纤维、碳泡沫和膨胀石墨,他们都具有高导热系数、低密度和良好的化学稳定性。将碳材料添加到相变储热材料中或与相变储热材料进行复合,从而构成碳素复(混)合相变储热材料,储热材料的导热系数及其性能可明显提高。本文综述了碳素复(混)合相变储热材料的研究进展。利用膨胀石墨的多孔特性吸附有机物制备膨胀石墨基复合相变储热材料,其储热密度大、导热系数高、性能稳定、成本低且在固-液相变过程中没有液态的流动性问题,是未来研究和应用最重要的碳素复合相变储热材料。

Phase change thermal energy storage materials have important applications in many fields for their advantages, such as high storage density, small temperature variation during phase change and good process controllability. However, low conductivity and liquid leakage after the change from solid state to liquid state restrict their use in application. Carbon materials, including graphite, carbon fibre, carbon foam and expanded graphite possess the properties of high conductivity, low density and good chemical stability. In order to increase the conductivity and enhance the performance of phase change materials, carbon-based composite （hybrid） phase change materials are prepared by adding the carbon materials into the phase change materials or blending the carbon materials with the phase change materials. In this paper, the research progress of the carbon-based composite （hybrid） phase change materials are reviewed. The expanded graphite-based composite phase change materials prepared by absorbing the organic phase change materials into the pores of expanded graphite with excellent absorbability, have the advantages of large storage density, high conductivity, good stability, low cost and without the problem of liquid leakage, and are considered as the most important carbon-based composite （hybrid） phase change materials in their future research and application.