湖南省移民建镇对血吸虫病传播的影响

Influence of resettling displaced people in newly built towns on schistosomiasis transmission in Hunan Province

目的探讨移民建镇对血吸虫病传播的影响。方法采用入户问卷调查法,对移民建镇前后的3个研究试点:单退垸的西官垸、双退垸的青山垸及双退后自行返回废垸的集成垸的居民进行调查,并调查移民建镇前后的螺情和病情变化。结果集成垸、西官垸和青山垸移民建镇前人群血吸虫感染率分别为4.86%、4.89%、15.77%,移民建镇后人群血吸虫感染率分别为36.29%、5.56%、11.85%,移民建镇前耕牛血吸虫感染率分别为5.00%、10.71%、7.50%,移民建镇后分别为60.00%、40.00%、7.14%。移民建镇前集成垸、青山垸和西官垸的垸内钉螺面积、钉螺密度和感染螺密度分别为21.67、32.80、14.43hm2,0.0198、0.2000、0.01110只/0.1m2,0.0027、0、0只/0.1m2;移民建镇后分别为22.73、17.80、0hm2(西官垸自2001年垸内无螺),0.0236、0.0248、0只/0.1m2,0.0003、0.0008、0只/0.1m2。结论双退垸的居民血吸虫感染率略有下降,单退垸和双退后自行返回废垸的居民血吸虫感染率均有不同程度的上升。应加强对返回原地从事劳作人群的管理及血吸虫病的预防与治疗。

Objective To study the influence of resettling displaced people in newly bult towns on schistosomiasis transmission. Methods A field investigation was carried out withthe house-vi-siting questionnaire methods. The residents in three spots, Xiguan Protective Embankments （the residents withdrawn from protective embankments and still doing agricultural production in the former embankments）, Qingshan Protective Embankments （the residents withdrawn from protective embankments and living and doing production in other places） and Jicheng Protective Embankments （the residents returned to the abandoned protective embankments）, and the changes of endemic situation of schistosomiasis before and after the resettling displaced people in newly built towns were investigated. Results The infection rates of Schistosoma japonicum in residents in Jicheng, Xiguan and Qingshan Protective Embankments were 4.86%, 4.89% and 15.77%, respectively before the resettling displaced people in newly built towns, and 36.29%, 5. 56% and 11.85% after that. The infection rates of Schistosoma japonicum in cattle were 5.00%, 10.71% and 7. 50%, respectively before the resettling displaced people in newly built towns, and 60.00%, 40.00% and 7.14% after that. The areas with snails in inner embankments, the density of snails and the density of infected snails in Jicheng, Qingshan and Xiguan Protective Embankments were 21.67, 32. 80, 14. 43 hm^2, 0. 019 8, 0. 200 0, 0. 011 1/0. 1 m^2 , 0. 002 7, 0, 0/0. 1 m^2, respectively before the resettling displaced people in newly built towns, and 22. 73, 17.80, 0 （no snail from 2001） hm^2, 0. 023 6, 0. 024 8,0/0. 1 m^2 ,0. 000 3, 0. 000 8, 0/0.1 m^2 , respectively after that. Conclusion There is a bit decrease in Schistosoma infection in residents in the areas of residents withdrawn from protective embankments and living and doing production in other places, but increase in the areas of residents withdrawn from protective embankments and still doing agricultural production in the former embankments and the areas of residents returned to the abandoned protective embankments. The managements of those who returne to the former embankments for agricultural production and the prevention and treatment for schistosomiasis should be strengthened.