冬小麦矮秆种质株高构成因素的遗传分析

Genetic Analysis of Plant Height Components of Dwarf Winter Wheat

选用4个冬小麦矮秆种质材料与5个生产上推广种植的高产小麦品种,采用4×5不完全双列杂交方法配制20个杂交组合,对亲本和杂交F1代株高的构成因素进行了遗传分析,结果表明:F1杂种优势普遍存在,穗下节长的优势最高。洛麦9851矮和西南05配合力较好,不仅后代株高降低,且改善了株高结构,是组配矮秆、大穗杂交组合较为理想的矮秆亲本;洛麦99045虽然降低了后代株高且改善了株高结构,但后代穗子较小;河北矮3后代基部节间增长,组合配制时不可用。杂交后代株高性状主要由加性基因决定,显性基因对其表现的影响是次要的。各性状遗传力较高,表明其后代变异受环境影响较小。

Four dwarf winter wheat materials and five high - yielding winter wheat varieties were chosen to analyze the plant height components of parents and hybrid F1 by using 4 × 5 incomplete parallel hybridization to make 20 crossbreeding combinations. The results showed that： the heterosis of F1 was universally existent, its node under ear had the highest vigor. The combining ability of wheat Luomai 9851 dwarf and Xi＇ nan 05 was good; the later generations of Luomai 99045 had lower plant height and improvable height structure, but the ear was quite small; the base position node became longer in later generations of Hebei dwarf 3, and it was useless in combination. The plant height in hybrid was mainly affected by the additive gene but not dominate gene. The high inheritability indieated that circumstance had little effect on progeny variation.