高效氯氰菊酯对鲤鱼的生化指标影响研究

Toxicity stress of beta-cypermethrin on carp

研究了高效氯氰菊酯对鲤鱼的脑、鳃、肝和骨骼肌肉中代谢酶、RNA和蛋白质的影响。用0.356μg/L高效氯氰菊酯处理鲤鱼21d后,其脑、腮、肝、骨骼肌肉中6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶(G-6-PDH)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的活性逐渐降低,酶活性降低了35.2%～48.4%,RNA质量比减少了21.55%～45.65%,蛋白质质量比减少了41.72%～49.07%;撤离高效氯氰菊酯后,鲤鱼脑、鳃、肝和骨骼肌肉中的G-6-PDH和LDH酶活性、RNA和蛋白质质量比恢复到对照水平。结果表明:高效氯氰菊酯亚致死浓度处理后的鲤鱼脑、鳃、肝和骨骼肌肉中代谢酶活性、RNA和蛋白质质量比都逐渐下降,高效氯氰菊酯对鲤鱼的生化指标影响显著。

This article is inclined to introduce our research finding on the neurotoxic effect of pyrethroid insecticides on the non-target animals, such as on fish. Our research results show that pyrethroich tend to exert a high-level toxic effect on the central and peripheral nervous systems of the fish. For example, if 0. 356 μg/L was used as a sublethal concentration of beta-cypermethrin to the carp, exposure to it for 4 days, 7 days, 14 days, and then till 21 days, the activity of G-6-PDH and LDH would be found degraded and the quality of RNA and protein in the tissues of the carp would be found dysfunction, including their brain, gill, liver and skeletal muscles. Then, the sublethal concentration of pyrethroid insecticide beta-cypermethrin on the metabolic enzymes were tested and found that there took place some change with the RNA and the protein in the tissues of the brain, gill, liver and skeletal muscle of the carp. Thus, it can be seen that as the result of the exposure, beta-cypermethrin were found gradually lowered in their activity of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase （G-6-PDH） and lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） in the brain. The most serious decrease was found with the enzyme activity, that is, a decrease of 35.2% - 48.4% . Furthermore, the quality of RNA and protein in their brain, gill, liver and skeletal muscles were found significantly degraded when the exposure period lasted up to 21 days, that is, to the maximum decrease in RNA by 21.55% - 45.65%. The most severe decrease in protein was counted for 41.72% - 49.07%. However, when beta-cypermethrin were taken away, G-6-PDH, LDH activity and RNA, protein content to control levels would be able to come back again for a few days. Since the beta- cypermethrin-dependent decrease in G-6-PDH and LDH activity may result from the inhibition or reduction of enzyme synthesis, the reduction of protein quality and content may come from their degradation and excessive metabolic activities. Therefore, the present paper sug- gests that there may exist some significant （ P 〈 0.05） positive correlations between the activities of different enzymes and the total pro- tein qualities in the tissues of carp. Nevertheless, beta-cypermethrin can reverse the toxicity effect on the carp after beta-cypermethrin being taken away.