平朔安太堡矿区复垦地土壤微生物与土壤性质关系的研究

Relation between reclaimed soil microbes and soil features in Antaibao Opencast

调查安太堡大型露天矿区西排土场植被恢复与土壤微生物的关系。结果表明,土壤中微生物量与土壤中的水分、速效磷、土壤有机质、有效性氮和海拔高度有明显的关系。麦地、林地、草地的土壤中呈现出:细菌>放线菌>固氮菌>霉菌;撂荒地呈现为:细菌>放线菌>霉菌>固氮菌;裸地呈现出:细菌>放线菌>霉菌。细菌、放线菌和霉菌呈现麦地最高,裸地最低,固氮菌为林地高于其他样地。在撂荒地和裸地中,细菌占微生物总量的一半以上。麦地、林地、草地、撂荒地中的各种菌、速效磷、土壤有机质、有效性氮含量明显高于裸地中的含量。微生物总量和样地的海拔、样地土壤的含水率有明显的关系,土壤中的含水量直接影响微生物总量。微生物总量与速效磷含量和有机质含量成正比,有机质含量与有效性氮含量成正比。细菌与海拔呈极显著负相关,与其他几种养分指标呈极显著正相关,放线菌与海拔和速效磷呈极显著相关,与其他指标相关性不显著,固氮菌与几种养分指标相关性均不显著。按全国土壤养分划分标准,安太堡大型露天矿区复垦地等级不高,还需要用科学的方法加快复垦区土壤的恢复。

This paper is concerned with the investigation results of the relation between the vegetation reclamation and edaphons in the ease of Antaibao Opencast coal mine, Shaanxi. The data we have collected and tested indicate that the existence of microbes in the soil is highly related with the moisture of the soil, quick-activated phosphor, soil organic materials and the effective nitrogen in relation to the height above the sea level. A common phenomenon can be seen from the corn fields, woodland, and grassplots in the following order： bacteria 〉 actinomyces 〉 azotobacter 〉 molds, while in abandoned soil, the order is： bacteria 〉 actinomyces 〉 molds 〉 azotobaeter. As to the crude soil, the order is： bacteria 〉 aetinomyees 〉 molds. The existence of bacteria, actinomyees and molds can be shown in the sequence with corn fields being the most serous, and the crude soil-the least, and the azotobacter-higher than the others. Whereas the bacteria accounts for more than half of the microbes in the abandoned soil and crude soil, the presence of bacteria, quick result phosphor, soil organic material and the effective nitrogen in corn fields, woodland, grassplots and abandoned soils all turn to be obviously higher than the crude soil. Nevertheless, the amount of microbes in the soil proves obviously correlated with the sea level and the humidity of the sample. Furthermore, the content of water in the soil proves directly related to the effect of the amount of microbe gross, which is directly proportional to the quick activated phosphor and other organic materials. In addition, inverse correlation has been found between bacteria and altitude, though there exists evident correlation between bacteria and other kinds of nutrient. Besides, the existence of azotobacter has been found less correlated with other kinds of nutrients. Thus, judging by the national soil and nutrient plot standard, the soil re-cuhivated rate in Antaibao Opencast coal mine cannot be said high enough, which demands to take scientific measures to quicken the reclamation of re-cultivated soil.