吐魯番新出《冥訟文書》與中古前期的冥界觀念

The Newly-discovered Mingsong Documents from Turfan and the Idea of Ghostdom in the Early Mediaeval Times

吐鲁番新出《北涼缘禾二年（433）高昌郡高宁县赵货母子冥讼文书》是一份珍贵的史料。它模仿阳世官文书的格式进行书写，带有浓厚的佛教色彩，为我们认识阎罗信仰在中国中古时期的流衍提供了新材料，同时也使我们对于五涼时期高昌佛教的发展水平有了新的估计。与墓券材料强调“生死永隔”的冥界观不同，《冥讼文书》透露出的祖灵观念呈现了更为复杂的情境，死去的先人与阳世的家庭仍然保持了紧密的联系，甚至可以对阳世的家庭纠纷进行裁决。因此，这是深入认识中古前期民众冥界观念发展的鲜活而生动的个案。

Recently, a rare lawsuit document which Zhaohuo and his mother submited to Yama in 433 A.D. has been discovered from Turfan. The document records that Zhao Huo, a resident in Gaoning, died because his uncle, Zhao Lin, brought a lawsuit against him. Afterward Zhao Huo and his mother also impleaded Zhao Lin to Yama. At the same time, they also told their forefathers the case, expecting a verdict from them. Based on the document, this article reveals that the belief of Yama prevailed in the early 5th Century, and the Buddhist religion in the Five Liang Era affected not only the noble but also the commoners' life. People of that time believed that there was a close relation between them and their forefathers who still could resolve the familial dissension. The document presents a good case for understanding deeply the idea of ghostdom in the early mediaeval times.