内蒙古西部区马铃薯脱毒种薯快速繁育的研究——Ⅱ.脱毒种薯生产技术及其良种繁育体系的研究

POTATO RAPID MULTIPLICATION RESEARCH IN WESTERN INNER MONGOLIA ——Ⅱ. TECHNIQUES OF VIRUS-FREE MINITUBER PRODUCTION AND ITS RAPID PROPAGATION SYSTEM

在内蒙古乌兰察布盟后山地区武川原种基地，对各级种薯生产技术及其良繁体系进行了系统的研究。现已明确：在开放条件下生产脱毒小薯（原原种），产量可达８０７３～９４６５ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，种薯产量和质量不低于温、网室生产的脱毒小薯；不同薯重的脱毒小薯旱坡地直播效果，以１０ｇ和８～１０ｇ薯重的效果好，产量和商品率均高；１级种薯在不同旱地类型种植的增产效果，以旱滩地的产量最高，其次为旱坡地，分别比对照（未脱毒）增产７１．２８％、１７１．２８％；８月上旬为有翅桃蚜迁飞盛期，从７月上旬迁飞初期开始喷药防蚜，防治效果显著；在乌盟后山半农半牧地区以原原种、原种、１、２级种薯建立的３级脱毒良种繁育体系符合该地区的生产实际，能达到留种和保种的快速、优质、高产、低成本的效果。经过６年示范推广，现已在武川等３个旗县普及，累计各级种薯种植面积达到２．３２万ｈｍ２，平均单产３万ｋｇ／ｈｍ２左右，生产出各级种薯及商品薯６９８５万ｋｇ，累计创造社会财富７１５０万元。

The systematic research on seed potatoes has been carried out in Wuchuan potato elite base of northern Daqing mountain of Ulangab League of Inner Mongolia. The trials covered rapid production techniques of virus-free seed potatoes and establishment of seed multiplication system. The yield of virus-free minituber grown in the open conditions could reach 8073～9465kg per hectare. Yield and quality of the seed potatoes were equally good as compared with those produced from greenhouse or/and screenhouse. The optimum size of minituber for planting in dry hilly lands would be around 10g ang 8～10g per tuber. The consequant yield and rate of commercial potatoes were pretty high. The increasing effect of the grade 1 seed potato from the minitubers showed the obvious differences in varied types of dry lands. The seed potato yields in dry flat lands gave the higher yields than those produced in the dry hill slope lands. The both increased the yields 71.28% and 171.28% respectively as compared with control. The flight prosperous date of winged peach aphids is in Mid-August, and the best time to control the aphids is in early July when winged aphids start to arrive. The seed potato multiplication system has been studied and established in the half animal husbsndry and half agricultural area of northern Daqing mountain of Ulanqab League. The primary elite, elite, grade 1 and grade 2 seed potatoes were produced there. The seed potato propagation system was in reality in conformity with the local production practice. As a result, the seed potatoes were multiplied quickly and their yield was high. At the same time, seed potato quality was improved and production cost was reduced. After 6 years of field demonstration and extension work, the accumulative areas planted with seed potatoes of varied grades were 23200 hectares in only three counties of the areas. The average yield was around 30 tons per hectare. So far, 69850 tons of seed potato and commercial potatoes were producted in those counties. The social values of 71.5 million Yuan was generated altogether.