石斑鱼Epinephelus人工繁殖研究的现状与存在问题

The Problems and Situation in the Artificial

全世界约１００个种的石斑鱼（Ｅｐｉｎｅｐｈｅｌｕｓ）中，开展人工繁殖研究的至少有１３个种。许多作者研究了石斑鱼的雌雄同体、雌性先熟及性转化现象。并对其产卵习性、卵发生及仔稚鱼的形态、生长发育进行生物学、生理生态学的研究。其中研究最多的是赤点石斑鱼Ｅ．ａｋａａｒａ及巨石斑鱼Ｅ．ｔａｕｖｉｎａ。石斑鱼的人工育苗仍未能达到稳定地进行大批量生产的规模。存在的问题主要有３个：①卵质不良；②仔鱼的个体弱小、口径小，对开口饵料要求严格；③稚鱼互相残杀。此外，还有仔稚鱼的疾病等问题。

There are about 100 species in genus Epinephelus found in the world and the artificial reproduction of more than 13 species of grouper have been carried out so far. The hermaphroditism, protogyny, sex reversal, embryonic development, spawning, larval morphology and larval growth are investigated. The reproductive biology and physiology of E.akaara and E. tauvina have been studied more detailed than other groupers. However, commercial production of artificial rearing of Epinephelus is not achieved in a large scale. The main problems are poor quality of an egg, small and weak larvae, restriction of its small mouth on weaning food, cannibalism among larvae and the diseases.