气象水文灾害的防灾减灾教育培训新进展

Advances in the Education and Training on the Prevention and Mitigation of the Meteorological and Hydrological Disasters

简要综述了第十届世界气象组织教育与培训大会的主题报告内容。本次大会主要讨论防灾减灾的气象水文教育与培训等问题,集中讨论了"备灾—预防和早期预警"、"减灾—应急、救援和重建"和"跨学科培训"等3个主题,强调集合数值预报系统对于估计出现极端天气事件的风险非常重要,同时必须培训气象、水文工作者使用集合预报中的概率预报信息。中国气象灾害监测、预测和预警已经从单纯提供一般意义上的气象灾害信息提升到有利于社会经济发展的气象灾害服务,既考虑自然因子也考虑经济发展的影响。在跨学科培训方面,将管理知识和气象知识结合起来,可以取得非常好的效果。大会建议提高世界气象组织区域培训中心以及各国气象水文部门培训单位的培训能力,主要通过提供防灾减灾的专门培训单元,对自然灾害风险管理短期课程进行指导,重视各国气象水文部门对于管理和传播领域培训的需求。

This paper reviews the topics and recommendations of the tenth WMO Symposium on Education and Training （ SYMET-Ⅹ ）. The theme of the SYMET-Ⅹ is meteorological and hydrological education and training for disaster prevention and mitigation. Three topics, namely, ＂Preparedness-Prevention and Early warning＂ ,＂ Mitigation - Emergency, Relief and Rehabilitation＂ and ＂Interdisciplinary training＂ were intensively discussed. Scientists stressed that the application of the ensemble weather prediction is of crucial importance in the estimation of the risk of the extreme weather and climate events. At the same time, meteorologists and hydrologists must be trained to use probabilistic weather forecasts. The monitoring, prediction and warning of natural disasters in China have been scaled up from simply providing disaster information to the socioeconomic benefit-related disaster service, taking into account both natural and economic factors. The interdisciplinary training which integrates management and meteorology elements may be more effective for the training of meteorologists and hydrologists in risk and crisis management. The recommendations of the SYMET-Ⅹ include the improvement of the capability of the training units in WMO Regional Training Centres （RTCs） and National Meteorological and Hydrological Services（ NMHSs）, the guidance of the training courses on the risk management of natural disasters mainly by providing training units of disaster prevention and mitigation, and emphasis on the requirement of the NMHSs in the training of the management and communication.