心理亚健康在医学本科高年级学生中的表现分析

Mental subhealth among high-grade medical undergraduate students

目的:高年级医学本科生处于学习的特殊时期,面临课堂学习到临床实习这一转变过程,同时还面临着许多人生的抉择,承受着较大的心理压力。为了解高年级医学本科生的心理亚健康现状,探讨导致大学生心理亚健康的相关因素,对广州市某所医学高校的四、五年级本科生的心理亚健康进行了现况研究。方法:于2006-12采用自制亚健康调查表对广东某所医科大学700名四、五年级本科生进行心理亚健康调查。心理亚健康诊断参照《亚健康中医临床指南》心理亚健康部分的内容。对数据进行各种描述性分析、χ2检验,其相关因素采用Logistic回归分析。结果:①共发出问卷700份,收回692份,回收率98.86%,其中合格问卷687份,合格率99.28%。在687份合格问卷中四年级320名,五年级367名,根据医学体检报告将疾病状态10名(1.46%)剔除,剩余677份问卷纳入结果分析。②四、五年级医学本科生心理亚健康总现患率为32.5%;四年级高于五年级(χ2=4.549,P<0.05);女生高于男生(χ2=4.050,P<0.05)。③心理亚健康表现主要以很着急把事情干完、烦恼、做事情必需反复检查、情绪易怒、紧张感、觉得自己变迟钝、消极的情绪、不能悠闲地坐着、注意力不集中、对自己不满意等10项。④主要相关因素为不良人际关系、不良的在校表现、过分关注自己体质量变化、学习压力、缺乏家庭幸福感、对学校学习环境不满意、钱不够用程度等7项。结论:高年级医学本科生心理亚健康的现患率比较高,相关因素十分复杂,需要从多方面对大学生进行心理健康教育及有效的干预防治措施。

AIM：The high-grade medical undergraduates endure large mental stress because they face the transition process from class study to clinical practice and many life choices. To describe the distribution and prevalence rate of mental subhealth among them and explore the correlated factors, the study analyzed the mental subhealth of 677 high-grade students from one medical high school of Guangzhou. METHODS： In December 2006, 700 grade 4 and 5 undergraduate students from some Guangdong medical university were surveyed by the self-made subhealth questionnaire. The mental health diagnosis was accorded with partial content of Chinese Medical Clinical Guide for Subhealth. The data were analyzed with Frequencies and Chi-square test. Correlation factors were analyzed statistically using logistic regression method. RESULTS： （1）A total of 700 questionnaires were sent, 692 were recovered with the recovery rate of 98.86%, including 687 valid questionnaires, with a qualified rate of 99.28%. Among the 687 questionnaires, there were 320 from grade 4 students and 367 from grade 5. According to the medical examination reports, 10 students （1.46%） of disease state were removed. Finally, 677 questionnaires were involved in the result analysis. （2）The total prevalence rate of mental subhealth in grade 4 and 5 medical undergraduate students was 32.5%. The prevalence rate in grade 4 was higher than grade 5 （x^2 = 4.549, P 〈 0.05）, in female higher than that in male （x^2 = 4.050, P 〈 0.05）. （3）The manifestations of mental subhealth mainly involved in the hurry to finish the work, worry, repetitive examination, testiness, tension, dullness, negative, unable to sit down freely, impaired concentration, and dissatisfying to himself. （4）The correlated factors included poor interpersonal relationship, poor school action, excessive concern about their own weight changes, study pressure, lack of family happiness, dissatisfying to study environment, and inadequate money. CONCLUSION： The prevalence rate of mental subhealth among high-grade medical undergraduate students is very high and the correlated factors are extremely complicated. It is necessary to carry out psychological health education for the students and effective intervention, prevention and treatment in many ways.