重金属元素的时空分布与矿山采矿历史的地球化学非线性响应

Temporal-spatial distribution of heavy metals and nonlinear geochemical response of the mining history.

人类活动对环境影响严重,采矿活动尤甚。对矿山环境的研究重要而迫切,特别是重金属元素污染,其首要问题是重金属元素的迁移能力和影响因素,归根结底是污染元素从污染源到外围区域的时空响应和时空结构。中国铜陵、铜绿山等众多金属矿山具有悠久的采矿历史,在为国民经济带来重大效益的同时,也带来了众多的环境问题。目前对矿山环境的研究多集中在非动态及调查性研究方面,很少从时间与空间结构2个角度同时考虑地球化学迁移转化的机理;国内关于矿山环境的研究资料也不多。建议在矿区重金属环境地球化学的研究中应用非线性研究手段,重点是分形、多重分形、非线性时间序列等分析方法,研究重金属元素的时序分布和空间展布机制。

Human activities, especially mining acitivities, have great impact on the living environment of the human beings, thus making it very urgent to study the environment around mining areas and especially the pollution of heavy metals. The prime problem is the transport ability and impact factors of heavey metals, namely, the geochemical temporal-spatial response of heavy metals from pollution sources to their surrounding areas and related temporal-spatial structure in the final analysis. Many famous mineral deposits in China such as the Tongling and Tonglushan deposits have a long mining history and are seriously polluted by heavy metals discharged due to long-continued mining, which has brought many environmental problems while producing great benefits for the national economy. Presently, the study of the mine environment has mostly focused on undynamic and investigative aspects and the mechanism of geochemical migration and transformation is seldom considered in the contexts of both the temporal and spatial structure. The information about the mine environment in China is also meager. The authors suggest that the nonlinear means should be used in the study of the environmental geochemistry of heavy metal in mining areas, with the focus on the analytical methods such as the fractal, multi-fractal and nonlinear time-series methods to study the mechanisms of time sequence and spatial distributions of heavey metals.