四川南充高坪机场秋冬季节鸟类多样性与鸟撞预防

Avian Diversity and Bird Strike Avoidance in Gaoping Airport of Nanchong in Autumn and Winter

2006年9月—2007年2月,对四川南充高坪机场及其周围4种生境(草地、农耕区、村囤、松林)的鸟类进行调查,并进行鸟类多样性指数分析。结果共记录到鸟类81种,隶属于13目37科;秋冬季农耕区和村囤的鸟类密度、数量明显比草地和松林高;机场草地冬季鸟类的密度明显比秋季高。结合鸟类的生活习性及其栖息生境、IV值、分布广度和在各生境中的优势密度和总范围里的密度,秋季对鸟撞最具危险的是白鹭、家鸽、山斑鸠、白鹡鸰、白头鹎、小云雀、小鹀等;冬季对鸟撞最具威胁的是家鸽、小云雀、小鹀、金翅雀、白头鹎、水鹨等。并相应提出了相应一些的预防措施,如减少结实的植物、剪草降低草高、控制土壤动物的密度等。

An investigation had been made into the bird communities in habitats of the villages, farmlands, plantations of pine, and grasslands in Gaoping Airport and the surrounding area from September 2006 to February 2007, with the related diversity indices analyzed. A total of 81 species belonging to 37 families and 13 orders was recorded. The bird density in the farmlands and villages were higher than in the grasslands and plantations of pine in autumn and winter. The density in winter was higher than in autumn in the grasslands. Based on the habits and habitats, analysis of important values, the habitat distribution coefficient, the densities of Egretta garzetta, Columba domestica, Streptopelia orientalis, Motacilla alba, Pycnonotus sinensis, Alauda gulgula, Emberiza pusilla etc were dangerous to airplanes in autumn; Columba domestica, Alauda gulgula, Emberiza pusilla, Carduelis sinica, Pycnonotus sinensis, Anthus spinoletta etc were dangerous to airplanes in winter. Some control measures to prevent birds striking aircraft have been proposed in this paper, such as decresing the quantity of the beating plants, reducing grass in height and limiting the density of soil fauna etc.