温州地区不同营养状况儿童锌缺乏及铅中毒状况

Zinc Deficiency and Lead Poisoning Among Children of Different Nutrition Status in Wenzhou

目的了解温州地区儿童青少年的营养状况及其与锌缺乏、铅中毒的关系,为采取有效措施改善儿童的营养状况提供参考。方法选取温州地区2005年5月至2006年2月参加体检的0～18岁儿童青少年315名为对象,其中男性205名,女性110名。采用身高坐高计(3周岁以下用量床)和体重称进行身高、体重的测量,并抽取空腹静脉血进行锌及铅浓度的测定。结果儿童青少年低体重和生长迟缓率分别为6.98%(22/315)和5.40%(17/315),肥胖率为5.40%(17/315),低体重率和生长迟缓率以幼儿期和青春期较高,6～10岁组肥胖率较高(P值均<0.05)。血锌与血铅水平呈正相关,且均与儿童的年龄存在相关,与儿童的体重、身高及营养状况无相关关系。结论重视婴幼儿期和青春期的营养状况,可以有效降低营养不良发病率。预防锌缺乏的重点年龄为0～3岁,铅中毒的健康教育对象重点为低年级小学生。

Objective To know nutritional status in children in Wenzhou and to analyze the relationship of nutrition status with zinc and lead level in blood, and to provide reference for improving children＇s nutritional status. Methods 315 children （205 boys, 110 girls） aged 0- 18 who took physical examination at department of child care from May of 2005 to February of 2006 were studied, who were divided into four groups by age. They were measured in height, weight, zinc and lead concentration in blood sample. Results General percentage of low weight, growth retardation and obesity was listod as 6.98% （ 22/315 ）, 5.40 % （ 17/315 ）, and 5.40 % （ 17/315 ） respectively. In infants and puberty groups, there were more low weight and growth retardation children than in other age groups （ P 〈 0.01 ）. Amoug all the groups, 6 - 10 years old group had the highest percentage of obesity （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Further analysis disclosed that the concentration of blood zinc was positively correlatod with blood lead, and both of them were associated with age. No correlation of blood zinc and blood lead was found with weigh, height and nutritional status. Conclusion It is crucial period in infant and puberty to prevent malnutition. Children aged 0 - 3 should be paid more attention for zinc deficiency, while health education about lead poisoning should be laid emphasis among younger primary school students.