太平天国田凭政策新解

A New Interpretation of the Tianping Policy of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom

田凭是太平天国当局发给土地所有者的证明,具有法律效力。田凭政策是较"照旧交粮纳税"更高层次的社会经济政策,具有国家法律效力,体现了李秀成推进良性农村政治的决心。但李秀成主持颁发田凭的政策,仍然是对原有土地关系的确认,在保护原有田主土地所有权的基础上,保护他们的收租权利。因此这项政策虽然有很强的政治性,却丝毫不具备任何革命性变革的意义。"着佃交粮"并不必然会过渡到颁发田凭。只有1862年吴江监军钟志成推行的田凭政策,才真正具有了土地革命的涵义。

＂Tianping＂ was a certificate given by the Taiping authorities to the landowners with legal validity. The Tianping policy was a more superior social economic policy with national legal force and revealed Li Xiucheng＇s determination to promote benign village politics. However, 1.3＇s Tianping policy was nothing but a confirmation of the original land owning system. Based on the protection of land ownership, this policy would protect the original land-owners＇ rights to collect rents from the tenants. This policy was strongly political and assumed little revolutionary significance. Turning in land rents doesn＇t necessarily transit to the granting of Tianping＇. Only the Tianping policy pushed forward by Zhong Zhijun in 1862 had a real connotation of agrarian revolution.