想象的报复:西方政治学视野中的“怨恨”

Imagined Retaliation: Resentment as Understood in Western Politics

"怨恨"是现代西方社会所有紧张态势中一个如影随形的主题,它不仅是可供分析和考察的根源性现象,本身更是具有强大解释力的理论路径。源于价值差异的怨恨不仅会导致价值冲突、拒斥价值认同,更为重要的是会以各种具有威胁性甚至破坏性的方式寻求自身价值的确定与承认。因此毋庸置疑的是,在一个价值多元化与政治民主化得到普遍认同的政治生活中,这种怨恨的积聚和表达应该引起足够的重视以及得到明晰的认识,并努力寻求克制怨恨的有效途径,以积极应对危机、减免伤害。这些不仅是西方政治学视野中怨恨理论研究的重要范畴,亦是西方社会政治生活中一直严肃对待和广泛探讨的重要课题,能够为研究中国现代化进程中所出现的诸多冲突提供富有创见性的参考。

Resentment is a main theme closely associated to all the intense situations in the modern Western society. It provides not only the original phenomenon for analysis and observation, but also a theoretical approach. The resentment originating from value difference may lead not only to value conflict and rejection of value acceptance, but also, more seriously, to the quest in damaging ways for the identification and recognition of personal values. In a society of multiple values and democracy, more attention should be paid to the agglomeration and expression of resentment, so that effective ways can be found to restrain it so as to prevent crises and reduce damage. This is not only an important theoretical concern of resentment in western political world, but also an important subject seriously addressed in western political life. It is also very instructive to the same problems encountered in the process of Chinese modernization.