黑河流域张掖市物质流账户体系的初步构建

Preliminary Construction of the Regional Material Flow Accounts in Zhangye

物质流核算与分析(MFA)以重量形式测度经济系统的代谢规模——吞吐量,反映人类活动对环境压力的直观信息,也是生态可持续性的有效衡量.建立包括MFA在内的实物账户,成为研究区域环境经济综合核算的基础.介绍了MFA的理论背景以及区域物质流账户的基本框架及其衍生的指标体系,参照欧盟统计局《物质流指导手册》,以甘肃省张掖市为例,初步构建了中观尺度上的区域物质流账户.结果表明:张掖市物质需求总量(TMR)中生态包袱比例高达86.5%,其中最大的是煤炭及矿物和建材开采所产生的生态包袱,占TMR的65.2%,经济发展对自然环境的扰动破坏影响十分显著,资源开发粗放,利用效率低下.张掖市目前经济发展水平和产业结构特征,决定了张掖市经济系统物质资源的需求结构中相对较高的基础原材料投入,缓解环境压力的根本途径在于促进产业结构的升级调整.

Material flow accounting （MFA） and analysis in the form of weight measure the scale of economic metabolism throughput, reflecting the pressure of human activities on environment, as well as being an effective measure of ecological sustainability. The integrated environmental and economical accounts （SEEA2003） bring forward the physical accounts including MFA. MFA could be applied to three levels： economy-wide level, regional level and product level. According to the economy-wide material flow accounts and using the indicators from A Methodological Guide （Eurostat, 2001）, in the paper, an overview of the data base and the basic calculation principles of the accounts are given. Taking the Zhangye city in Heihe River basin of Gansu province as a case, a set of regional material flow accounts in 2002 is established, by means of a series of sub-accounts in detail, including direct and indirect material requirement, emissions or waste disposal, consumption and the final balanced accounts. The results show that, within total material requirement （TMR）, eco-rucksack is as high as 86.5% ,the largest share is from the coal and mineral mining and building materials, accounting for 65. 2% of the TMR. Exploitation of natural resources is rough without efficiency. Economic development is affected by natural resources significantly. The resources demand structure and relatively high raw material input are in consistent with the local industry structural characteristics and economical development state. The fundamental way to ease the pressure on the environment is to promote the upgrading and adjusting of the industrial structure.