土壤有益微生物防治植物病害的研究进展

Progress of the Prevention and Treatment of the Profitable Soil Microorganism for Plants Diseases

植物病害给农业造成巨大的经济损失,目前防治植物病害主要是利用抗病品种和化学防治。抗病品种难以获得并且容易丧失抗性;高效低毒的化学农药种类少、防效差,而且滥用化学农药会造成农药残留污染。利用有益微生物控制病原菌是一种可行的措施。本文阐述了国内外利用土壤有益微生物防治植物病害的研究进展,并探讨了土壤有益微生物的作用机制、存在的问题和今后的研究方向。多菌剂的配合使用,通过基因工程改造产生新型、高效、稳定、适生性强的拮抗菌以及添加生防菌诱导物质将是今后生防菌发展的趋势。

Plant diseases lead to the huge economic loss in agriculture. Disease-resistant variety and agricultural chemicals are presently employed to prevent and treat some plant diseases. The disease- resistant variety is difficult to be obtained, and easy to lose resistance. The more effective and less poisonous agricultural chemicals are rare and their prevention effects are not satisfying. Moreover, the abuses of them are prone to cause the pesticide residue pollution. Applying some beneficial microorganism to the control of disease germ is one of feasible approaches. The surveying of applying profitable soil microorganism to the prevention and treatment for some plant diseases was performed in the paper, and the mechanisms of profitable soil microorganism were also investigated. Some issues and future work were presented. The joint employment of some beneficial microorganisms, the cultivation of new, more effective, steady, and well-adapted antagonistic bacteria by means of genetic engineering and the access of inducement will be the trends in future.