上海世博园后滩湿地大型底栖动物群落特征与环境分析

Characteristics of Macrobenthic Communities and Environment Analysis in Backshore Wetland of Expo Garden Shanghai

上海世博园后滩湿地是中国2010年上海世界博览会规划区的重点建设项目。对世博园后滩湿地潮间带底栖动物群落特征与生物多样性进行了春、夏、秋、冬4个季节的调查研究,并对该湿地水体污染状况及影响底栖动物分布的因素进行分析与评估。结果表明:世博园后滩湿地底栖动物主要由环节动物、软体动物、节肢动物与纽形动物组成,共计18种;物种数在夏季最丰富,春季次之,冬季物种数最少,其中A断面物种数大于B断面;群落生活类群面上生活类群(GS)/面下生活类群(GSB)在冬季最大,春季次之,秋季群落生活类群GS/GSB最小,其中B断面群落生活类群GS/GSB大于A断面;底栖动物群落的Margalef物种丰富度指数(d)在夏季最大,春季次之,冬季丰富度指数最小;Shannon-Wiener指数(H′)在夏季最大,春季次之,秋季最小;Pielou均匀度指数(J)为:冬季最大,夏季次之,秋季最小;Simpson优势度指数(D)为:秋季最大,春季次之,夏季最小;采用寡毛生物指数值和生物多样性指数对该湿地水体污染状况进行了评价,该园区水质污染程度为中度污染。

Backshore wetland of Expo Garden is the emphasis of construction project of World Expo in Shanghai in 2010, China programming district. Community characteristic and species diversity of backshore intertidal wetland of Expo Garden in 4 seasons were studied. The influence on distribution factors and environmental pollution were analyzed and evaluated. It was indicated that macrobentho in backshore wetland of Expo Garden were composed mainly of Annelida, Mollusca, Arthropoda and Nemertina, total 18 species. They belonged to 4 phylum, 7 classes and 14 families. The species of Mollusca and Annelida were in the most abundant. There was no insignificant variety in the number of Annelida species from spring to summer, but there were a decrease in autumn and winter. The species of Mollusca were richest in the summer, but there was no insignificant variety in spring, autumn and winter. The enrichment degree of Arthropoda was low and Nemertina was the least. The species number was the most in summer, lower in spring, the lowest in winter, and the species number in section A was more than that in section B. The enrichment degree of Arthropoda and Nemertina was low and there was no insignificant variety between the species number in section A and section B. The maximum of GS/GSB was in winter, then in spring, the minimum in autumn. The results showed that the differences of communities in the wetland was less in the seasonal transfer stage from summer to autumn and from winter to spring, but there were insignificant differences in the stage from spring to summer and from autumn to winter. The individual number, biomass and inhabitation density of macrobenthos in 4 seasons were most in Annelida, next in Mollusca, lower in Arthropoda and lowest in Nemertina. The Annelida and Mollusca were dominant phylum in the backshore wetland of World Expo Garden. The maximum of Margalef index（d） was in summer, next in spring, the minimum in winter; The maximum of Shannon - Wiener index （H＇） in summer, next in spring, the minimum in autumn; The maximum of Pielou evenness index （J） in winter, next in summer, the minimum in autumn; The maximum of Simpson index （D） in autumn, next in spring, the minimum in summer. According to the Oligochaete Index and the Biodiversity Index evaluation, the pollution level of backshore wetland in World Expo Garden reached moderate pollution degree.