新农村沼气能源建设的环境经济效益和制度保障实证分析——南充个案

Environmental and Economic of Benefit and Institutional Guarantee for Rural Biogas Energy Construction:A Case in Nanchong City

通过燃烧薪材、秸秆等生物质获取能源的做法在中国农村历经数千年,几乎没有实质性的变化。进入新世纪以来,中国农村能源技术和使用模式实现快速转型。四川南充市农村沼气能源建设起步于20世纪70年代,在四川和全国有一定示范和影响。十五期间,南充市结合当地新农村建设实际,大力推进市辖高坪、顺庆、嘉陵区改善农村能源结构,以生态家园富民沼气工程为着力点,使农村生态环境质量明显提高,农民得到可观的经济效益。"厕所、猪圈、沼池"联合为一个系统,产出的沼气作为农户的生活用能,沼液、沼渣作为肥料进入农田,无有害物质排入环境,成为农业循环经济模式的一个典范,促进了农村生物质能源使用效率的提高和农民健康状况及卫生条件的改善。同时,农村生态家园富民沼气工程还实现了当地农村剩余劳动力就地转移。政府在农村沼气能源建设中扮演重要角色,政府主动营造良性的市场化环境,通过价格、税收、财政补贴、优惠信贷等多种手段,激发农民修建沼气池的积极性。南充市农村生态家园富民沼气工程的成功经验,值得各地在新农村能源建设中学习借鉴。

The way which gets the energy by burning firewood straw and the other biomass has no substantive change in the rural area of China for thousands years. Since the beginning of the new century, China＇ s rural energy technologies and utilization patterns has achieved rapid transformation Sichuan Nanchong city＇ s rural biogas energy started building in the 1970s and has a certain influence in Sichuan and the whole country. Combined with the local reality of building a new countryside, Nanchong city promote vigorously the process of improving rural energy sector of municipality＇ s jurisdiction Gaoping, Shunqing and Jialing in the 15 period. The project take the economical environment in rural areas improve significantly, and then get the considerable economic benefits toilet, pigpen and morass pool are jointed to a sys- tem. The gas output is used as farmer＇s living energy and the liquid and biogas residue are as a fertilizer to farmland, and then the harmless substances go into the environment, which become an example of agricultural cycle of an economy model. This model promotes rural energy efficiency of using biotechnology and improves the healthy status and condition of the farmer. Meanwhile the rural ecological homes and enriching gas project has also achieved the transformation of the local rural surplus labor. The government plays a very important role in rural biogas energy. The government initiatively create a position market environment, prices, taxes, financial subsides and preferential credit and stimulate the farmer＇s enthusiasm of building the morass pools. The successful experience of the rural ecological homes and enriching the gas project is worth learning in the new rural energy building.