运动员组织性应激研究的源起与现状

Athletes organizational stress review:origin and current status

组织性应激是指与个体工作所在的组织直接并且主要相关的环境需要同个体之间的一个持续相互作用的过程。由于运动员工作环境的特殊性,因此提出组织性应激的概念可以更加有效地理解运动员应激。运动员组织应激源主要包括5个类别:体育本身固有因素,运动员在体育组织机构中的角色,体育运动项目中人与人之间关系和交流的需要,运动员竞技生涯和成绩发展问题,体育运动项目的组织结构和氛围。未来的研究应该注意进入组织内部测量,完善相关的研究方法,以及建立一体化的理论模型等方面。

Organizational stress in an ongoing transaction between an individual and the environmental demands associated primarily and directly with the organization within which he or she is operating. The term, organizational stress, was better to understand stress in athletes because of the special environment. There were 5 major.categories within organizational stress： （1） factors intrinsic to the sport; （2）roles in the sport organization; （3）sport relationships and interpersonal demands; （4）athletic career and performance developent issues; and （5） organizational structure and climate of the sport. Although there are almdy some achievements in the studies on athlete organizational stress, the means and methods of these researches still need some improvements. The future researches should pay more attention on the control of experiments, the methods of researches, and the models.