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玉米膜上灌溉条件下土壤水、热运动规律的研究 被引量:13

Transport laws of soil water and heat in the maize field irrigated from the film hole
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摘要 通过玉米膜上灌与普通露地灌田间对比试验,分析了玉米生育期内土壤含水率与温度的动态变化。结果表明:两处理下土壤水热运动规律整体一致,均随土层加深,含水率增大、温度降低、相邻土层温差变小、温度峰值滞后、日变幅减小,日变幅随深度的变化可用指数函数拟合。相比而言,膜上灌有利于保墒调温,土壤含水率和温度均显著高于露地灌,温度变幅总体小于露地灌;随土层加深,两处理间温差和含水率差异均变小,试验证实膜上灌玉米的生产性状、产量及灌溉水利用效率均优于露地灌。可见,膜上灌有利于保证玉米对土壤水热的需求,能促进玉米生长和增产。 It is of importantly instructive meanings to study transport laws of soil water and heat for practical application of film hole irrigation technique. Dynamic variations of soil water content and temperature were analyzed in maize growing period through the field contrast trial of film hole irrigation and common bare soil surface irrigation method. The results showed that the transport laws of soil water and heat were identical on the whole, and with the increase of soil depth, soil water content increased, soil temperature decreased, the temperature difference between soil adjacent layers reduced, temperature peak value lagged, temperature diurnal amplitude diminished. The relationship between diurnal amplitude of soil temperature and soil depth could be fitted by the exponential function. Compared with two disposals, the film hole irrigation method favored to preserve soil moisture and to adjust soil temperature, the soil water content and temperature were higher markedly, and temperature amplitude collectively was less in the field irrigated from film hole than those in check plot. The differences of soil temperature and water content became small gradually between the two disposals along with the increase of soil depth. It was also approved in the trail that maize productive characteristics, yield and water use efficiency of irrigation water were more excellent in the field irrigated from film hole than the check plot. It is obviously proved that film hole irrigation benefits maize need on soil water and heat, which can accelerate growth and increase yield.
出处 《农业工程学报》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2007年第12期85-89,共5页 Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金 国家"863"计划项目(2002AA2Z4041) "十五"宁夏重点科技攻关计划课题(200200601) 宁夏自然科学基金资助项目(NZ0704) 宁夏高等学校科学研究项目(2006052) 宁夏大学自然基金(LG0504)
关键词 膜上灌 玉米 土壤水 温度 film hole irrigation maize soil moisture temperature
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