气象参数对人体舒适度的影响研究

Influence of Meteorological Parameters on Human Comfort Index

为研究气象参数对人体舒适度的影响,用慕尼黑人体热量平衡模型(MEMI)分析了南京舒适感的概率分布、年际、月际变化以及气象参数和生理等效温度(PET)的相互关系。结果表明:各舒适感觉出现的频率差别较大,在年际分布上有波动,月际分布上很不均匀。PET随温度线性增加,在多云天气1m/s风速时增幅最大;PET和平均辐射温度之间也是线性增加关系,温度较高时增幅大;PET随着风速的增加呈现先快后慢的非线性减小关系,低温时降幅明显,高温阴天时降幅最小;相对湿度在高温时可使PET显著增加。

In order to study the effect of meteorological parameters on human comfort, the probability distribution, interannual variation, and intermonthly variation of human comfortability in Nanjing, and the relationship between meteorological parameters and PET （physiological equivalent temperature） are analyzed by means of the MEMI （Munich Energy balance Model for Individuals） model. The results show that： （1） the occurrence probabilities of various thermal perception classes vary greatly, and there are fluctuations in the interannual distribution of human comfortability and evident difference in the intermonthly distribution. （2） PET shows a linear growth with increasing temperature, and the increasing rate is the biggest when wind velocity is 1 m/s in cloudy weather; （3） PET also exhibits a linear growth with increasing mean radiant temperature, and the increasing rate is the biggest when temperature is high （25 to 40 ℃） ; （4） there is a non-linear decreasing relationship between PET and wind velocity, and the decrease rate, decreasing gradually with increasing wind velocity, is bigger in cold weather and the least in hot and overcast weather. （5） PET increases with increasing relative humidity evidently in hot weather.