木质纤维素类生物质制备生物乙醇研究进展

Research Advancement of Bioethanol Preparation from Lignocellulosic Biomass

生物燃料乙醇是可取代石油的可再生新能源。但基于糖和淀粉类原料不能满足生物乙醇生产的巨大需求,各国研究者们越来越关注地球上最丰富的生物资源:木质纤维素类生物质。近年来,以这类原料制备生物乙醇的研究取得了很大的进展,使其产业化、商业化前景更加明朗。重点综述了从木质纤维素类生物质制备生物乙醇的关键工艺:预处理、酶水解和发酵,以及这些工艺当中所采用的不同方法的优点和不足。本文还对发酵过程微生物的选择,发酵过程抑制物及其脱除方法进行了简单总结,并对我国生物乙醇研究的现状与国家政策进行了简单的介绍。

Bioethanol is one kind of new energy source which is regenerative and could be instead of petroleum.But the raw material based on sugar and fecula couldn 't meet the great demand of bioethanol production,growing attention has been devoted to bioethanol preparation from lignocellulosic biomass,the richest biology resource in the world.In recent years,the research of bioethanol preparation from such raw material has made great progress,that makes the prospect of its commercialization brighter.This article gives an overview of current key technical issues and challenges facing the commercialization of lignocellulosic ethanol production,including pretreatment,enzymatic-hydrolysis,fermentation,the advantage and the disadvantage of different methods in these processes.The research findings in microorganisms used in bioethanol production,the inhibitors in fermentation,and the methods to treat them are also presented.The research activities in bioethanol production in China and the related policies made by Chinese government are briefly summarized.