职务侵权责任若干问题探讨

A Probe of Several Questions Regarding Duty Right Infringement Liability

狭义的职务侵权仅指国家机关或者国家机关工作人员在执行职务中,侵犯公民、法人的合法权益的侵权行为。职务侵权责任具有责任主体的特定性、赔偿原因的职权性、可归责的违法性以及权益的实际受损害性几个方面的法律特征。职务侵权因侵害民事权利,违反民事法律规定而应承担的法律责任,从我国立法和法理上考察,职务侵权责任是自己责任而非替代责任。应在未来立法中作出系统、全面的规定。

In a narrow sense duty right infringement liability refers to the behaviour of the state organ or the government officials in the process of government administration infringing the legal rights of the citizens or the juridical persons. It presents legal characteristics such as the specification of the liability bearer, the authority of office for the causes of compensation, the illegality of the liability to be attributed and the actual harm of rights and interests. Whether from the angle of infringement behaviour law or in terms of legislative techniques or practicality, duty right infringement is a legal liability which must be grappled with since it violates civil rights and concerning regulations of the civil law. In the perspective of the legislation and legal theory of China, duty right infringement must be attributes to personal individual responsibility which is not to be substituted, but to be systematically and comprehensively specified in future legislations.