二战以来世界高等教育发展趋势及特点——发达国家的视角

The Tendency and Characteristics of World Higher Education since World War ll——in the perspectives of developed countries

二战以来,世界高等教育不仅获得了巨大的发展,也呈现出与以往完全不同的发展趋势和特点:发展理念上,从一次性终结教育到终身教育;发展模式上,从关注数量到重视质量;教育管理上,从大学自治到社会干预加强;教学改革上,从传统狭隘的专业教育到综合素质教育;办学形式上,从单一到多样。分析和研究这些趋势和特点,对我国高等教育改革发展具有十分重要的意义。

Since World War II, world higher education not only has obtained the huge development, but also has presented the tendency and characteristics which are completely different from previous ages. First, the concept of development has changed from one terminal education to lifelong education; Second, the pattern of development has been shifted from quantity to quality; Third, the management model has moved from self-govemance to the reinforcement of social intervention; Fourth, the educational reform has changed from traditional narrow style of special- ized education to comprehensive quality education; Finally, the operating models have changed from singleness to variety. An analytical study of such trends and characteristics is of important significance to the reform and development of higher education in China.