生物制氢最新研究进展与发展趋势

Recent Progress and Trend in Biological Production of Hydrogen

氢能具有清洁、高效、可再生的特点,是一种最具发展潜力的化石燃料替代能源.与传统的热化学和电化学制氢技术相比,生物制氢具有低能耗、少污染等优势.近年来,生物制氢技术在发酵菌株筛选、产氢机制、制氢工艺等方面取得了较大进展.暗发酵和光发酵结合制氢技术是一种新技术,具有较高的氢气产量.以厌氧细菌和光合细菌为发酵菌种,以富含碳水化合物的工农业废弃物为原料,进行暗发酵和光发酵结合制氢,具有广阔发展前途前景.本文综述了国内外生物制氢技术研究进展,展望了未来发展趋势.

Hydrogen is widely considered as a potential substitute for fossil fuels because it is a clean, efficient and renewable energy. The hydrogen production by biological processes, compared with that by thermochemical and electrochemical processes was found with less environment pollution and low energy consumption. In recent years, hydrogen production by biological processes has made great progress in screening of fermentation microorganisms, and production mechanisms and technologies. The technology combining with photo and dark-fermentation processes is a new approach to hydrogen production with higher yield of hydrogen. It will bring a broad future for hydrogen production by the technology with anaerobic bacteria and photo-het- erotrophic bacteria using the wastes from agriculture and industry rich in carbohydrates. In this paper, the progress in hydrogen production technology by biological processes is summarized.