杂种落叶松优良家系选择和嫩枝扦插生根遗传稳定性的研究

Research on Superior Family Selection and Genetic Stability of Rooting of Green-wood Cuttings of Hybrid Larches

落叶松种内及种间不同杂交组合表现了不同的杂种优势,无性繁殖可以保持遗传特性。通过连续3年的优良杂种落叶松家系生长和扦插试验,结果表明,最好杂交组合为长14×日混、长4c×日混,与母本相比扦插生根率和根系发育都有所提高,说明长白落叶松与日本落叶松杂交后,不仅提高了根生长量,也显著的提高了生根性状。日本落叶松永8×长白与母本相比,不论根生长量还是生根性状都有所提高。但与长白落叶松×日混杂交组合相比,除了3年根生长量排在前列,生根率排在长14×日混和长4c×日混后外,生根量、最长根长较长白落叶松×日混低。杂种落叶松扦插繁殖能够充分发挥优良基因的遗传潜能,除了偏根率遗传力较小外,其它性状都有较高的遗传力,可以保持母本优良遗传性状的稳定。

Different hybridized combinations between intraspecies and interspecies of larches showed different heteresis, and genetic characteristics could be maintained by asexual propagation. The results of experiments on growth and cuttings of superior families of hybrid larches in 3 successive years indicated that the best hybridized combinations were Korean Larch 14 × Japanese Larch and Korean Larch 4c × Japanese Larch, the rooting rates of cuttings and development of root systems were increased compared with ma- ternal plants, which indicated that hybridization of Korean Larch with Japanese Larch increased not only growth but also rooting characteristics. Japanese Larch yong8 × Korean Larch increased not only growth but also rooting characteristics compared with maternal plants. However, the number of roots and the length of the longest root were lower than Korean Larch x Japanese Larch compared with hybridized combinations of Korean Larch × Japanese Larch except for growth of 3 years was higher and the rooting rates were lower than Korean Larch 14 × Japanese Larch and Korean Larch 4c × Japanese Larch. So much emphasis should be put on higher rooting rates in selection of superior clones. Propagation of cuttings of hybrid larches could bring the inheritance petenrials into full play. The heritability for most characteristics was much higher except for lower hefitability of one - side rooting percentage, thus stability of superior genetic characteristics of maternal plants were maintained.