语言的失落与交往的异化——一项孤独症个案研究

Loss of Language and Alienation of Communications: A Case Study of Autism

哈贝马斯看来,语言是促成真诚交往的关键因素。以此为研究起点,基于对某孤独症矫治机构的田野调查,分析了在交往主体一方失语的情况下,交往行为何以可能并最终走向何方。分析框架大体如下:首先,对交往情景中各方主体做结构性的类型划分;第二,具体描绘各类主体所参与的交往行为的实践展演及意义呈现;第三,借用"深描"以及批判人类学理论的相应观点来回应哈贝马斯的交往理论,并补足后者对交往实践的分析缺漏。

Language, in Juergen Habermas＇ eyes, is critical to the construction of sincere communicat;ons. This paper starts with Habermas＇s proposition and, on the basis of field work in an autism treatment institution, analyzes how intersubjective communication can be achieved and where it should finally lead to. The analysis framework is as follows： firstly, there is a structural categorization of diverse communicators in the institution where types of communications involving diverse actors take place secondly, there is a vivid description of how these communications going on and their meanings representation; thirdly, some theoretical views such as ＂thick description＂ of Clifford Geertz and other relevant ones from the critical anthropology are borrowed here to respond to Habermas＇s position, as well as to make up his analytical missing about practical communications.