试论汉语词性活用的理据和条件

The Motivation and Condition of Using the Part of Speech Flexibly in Chinese

词性活用,是汉语中特有的一种现象。它与汉语的以下特点有关:汉语的词及词类划分的标准没有确定的界限,汉语词类与句子成分之间没有整齐的对应关系而句法成分之间有确定的位置,汉语固有的语法手段为词性的变动提供可能,汉语构词方式的特点为词性的活用提供可能。汉语词性活用是相关词语互动的结果,它与句意和词义具有密切的关系并受到它们的制约。

Using the part of speech flexibly is the special phenomenon in Chinese. It is relative to the charactens- tics of Chinese as follows there is no obvious standards of classifying “word” and“ part of speecl” ; there is no strict corresponding relation between word class and sentence elements; but the syntax components have the grammatical means in Chinese provides the possibility for transformation of part of speech; the characteristics of word-building way provide the possibility for using the part of speech flexibly. Using the part of speech flexibly is the consequence of neighboring words′ interaction. It has close relationship with the meaning of sentence and word. and is restricted by thetr~