农田灌溉模式下塔里木河流域地下水水位的变化分析──以塔里木河上游为例

Groundwater Level Changes of Tarim River Basin Under the Condition of Agriculture Irrigation——A Case Study in Upstream of Tarim River

根据1997、2000年的监测资料,分析了塔里木河上游地下水水位的时空变化,反映了不同的土地利用方式对地下水水位的影响。在农田灌溉模式下,在垂直河道方向上地下水水位的变化受到塔里木河干流水位、农田灌溉和潜水蒸发的影响。沿河道的横切方向上地下水位的变化与距河道距离成正相关,但具有明显的滞后反应,其滞后时间随垂直河道的距离增加而增加。干流水位明显影响地下水的范围为3.5km。农田灌水使地下水水位在3、11月份明显抬升,也在7月份时对地下水水位产生影响,使其抬升。潜水蒸发量随地下水水位的升高而增加,使地下水水位变化趋于缓和。

According to the inspecting materials of 1997 and 2000, the spatial and temporal variance of Tarim River were analyzed, to reflect the influence of different landuse on the groundwater levels. Under the condition of agricultural irrigation, it was found that the changes of groundwater level, which directed the straight watercourse, were mainly effected by the Tarim River＇s water level, the farmland irrigation and the phreatic evaporation. The differences of groundwater level which following the transversely direction were positively correlated to the distances from the river, but it represented obviously posterior response, and the time - delays was more longer when the distances away from river increased. The main stream＇s river level obviously affected the region of groundwater about 3.7km. The farmland irrigation made the groundwater level obviously higher in March, November and July. The phreatic evaporation increased with the groundwater level higher, and caused the changes of the groundwater level much more gently than before.