梭梭种子性状和繁殖力的遗传变异与评价

Genetic Variation of Seed Traits and Its Reproductive Capacity of Haloxylon Ammodendron

通过对梭梭6个种源的种子性状和繁殖力的研究，结果表明：（1）不同种源间种子性状和繁殖力存在显著差异，其质量指标差异大于形态指标，即单株种子重差异最大，干粒重次之，果翅长度最小；成活率的差异性明显大于发芽率。（2）各种源区间的种子性状和繁殖力之间的遗传差异为极显著水平，环境差异为显著水平，梭梭种子质量主要受遗传基因控制，而种子繁殖力则受遗传基因和环境因素及土壤等多重因素控制。（3）种子各性状与成活率均呈正相关。除果翅长度与成活率相关不密切外，其它性状之间均为极显著相关。（4）在种子果翅长度、干粒重、单株种子重、发芽率和成活率等5个指标中，变异程度最高的是单株种子重，最低者为成活率；各种源区种子各性状具有较高的重复力（0．8580～0．9737），受强度遗传基因控制，通过种源选择可望获得良好效果；通过对发芽率指标选择，可比直掺从成活率选择提高2．40％～24．86％（10％的选择率）的遗传进度；经综合选优评价，内蒙磴口种源的种子性状和繁殖力最好，青海次之，其次为甘肃和内蒙乌后旗，内蒙额旗和新疆最差。

This research dealed with the seed traits and its reproductive capacity of Haloxylon ammodendron acquired from 6 sources. The results showed that （1） There are significant differences of seed traits and its reproductive capacity among 6 sources. The differences among the seed quality indexes are greater than that among morphological indexes. The difference among seed weights of individual tree is the greatest, that among kernel weights is the following , and that among fruit wing legths is the smallest, for the reproductive traits, the difference of survival rate is significant greater than that of germination rate. （2） There are very significant difference （0.01 level） of genetic variations of seed traits and reproductive capacity among 6 sources, and significant difference （0. 05 level） of environmental factors, seed quality is determined mainly by genes, and seed reproductive capacity is determined by genes, soil properties and environmental factors. （3） Seed traits have positive correlation to germinate rate and survival rate. All the seed traits and reproductive capacity indexes have significant paired coorelation except fruit wing length with survival rate. The genetic capacities of all the indexes have positive paired correlation except that those of wing length have negative correlation to the other indexes. （4） Among the fruit wing length, kernel weight, individual seed weight, germination rate and survival rate, individual seed weight has the highest variation and survival rate has the lowest variation, seed traits of 6 sources have higher repetition （0. 8580-0. 9737）. Controlled by genes, the good result can be gotten through source selection. Provenance selection with germination rate index can increase genetic process by 2.40 -24.86% （ 10 % of selection rate） compared to the provenance selection with survival rate. Through comprehensive assessment, seed traits and its reproductive capacity can be sorted as Dengkou, Inner Mongolia 〉 Qinghai 〉 Gansu 〉 Wuhou Banner, Inner Mongolia 〉 Ekina Banner, Inner Mongolia 〉 Xinjiang.