洪涝灾害快速卫生学评估方法

Rapid Hygienic Evaluation Method After Flood Disaster

探索评价灾害造成的危害与潜在危害,救灾防病应对能力,筛选出优先工作顺序,评估卫生救灾防病工作绩效与恢复重建能力。本文介绍采用访谈、流行病学调查收集相关信息,对照世界卫生组织(WHO)建议标准进行需求计算分析。评价受灾面积、人口,需安置人数,传染病发病率,5岁以下儿童粗死亡率等;评价救灾防病能力与需求;评价卫生人员工作量与负荷,工作绩效;评估救灾防病系统恢复重建能力与外部需求。该评估办法数据易获得,能满足时限要求,可在初始阶段和进程中使用,既适用于自评也适用于他评。

The article inteds to evaluate the hazard and potential hazard caused by flood disaster, the response capacity for disaster relief and disease prevention ; select work priority and the performance of disaster relief and disease prevention and re-building capacity after disaster. It is introduced by the paper that interviews and epidemiologic investigation will be taken to collect information related and analysis will be conducted according to the criteria recommended by WHO. It is necessary to evaluat the area and population affected by the disaster, the number of people who need placement, the incidence rate of communicable disease, crude mortality of children under 5 years old. Besides, the capacity and needs of disaster relief and disease prevention, health staff＇s workload and performance, the re-building capacity of the disaster relief and disease prevention system and the external needs will also be evaluated simultaneously. The data for such evaluation are easy to be obtained within limited time condition and can be applied in the initial period and the course of disaster, also, can be adopted for both internal and external evaluation.