人参总皂甙对缺血性大鼠模型再灌注损伤后脑细胞凋亡的影响

Protective effect of ginseng total saponin on the neuroal injury in rat models with focal cerebral ischemic reperfusion

目的利用大鼠脑缺血再灌注模型,观察人参总皂甙对缺血再灌注后脑细胞凋亡的影响,探讨人参总皂甙对大鼠缺血再灌注脑组织的保护作用机制。方法将健康成年Wistar大鼠40只随机分为5组,即正常对照组、假手术组、脑缺血再灌注非治疗组、缺血再灌注人参总皂甙治疗1次组(治疗组1)、缺血再灌注人参总皂甙治疗连用3d组(治疗组2)。治疗组1于再灌注开始前,经腹腔注入人参总皂甙(50mg/Kg)1次,48h后断头取脑;治疗组2连续3d腹腔注射人参总皂甙(50mg/Kg),72h后断头取脑;缺血再灌注非治疗组和假手术组给予等量生理盐水腹腔注射,48h后断头取脑。石蜡切片行Nissel、TUNEL染色,计算凋亡细胞数,同时进行神经功能评价。结果TUNEL染色显示缺血非治疗组神经细胞数量明显减少,海马CA1区可见较多的散在的TUNEL染色阳性细胞。治疗组仅见少量神经细胞变性,胞体变形缩小。缺血再灌注非治疗组与假手术组比较凋亡细胞数量明显增多,P<0.01;治疗组1、治疗组2与缺血再灌注非治疗组比较凋亡细胞均明显减少,P<0.01;治疗组2与治疗组l比较凋亡细胞亦明显减少,P<0.01。治疗组1、治疗组2分别与缺血再灌注非治疗组比较,神经功能评分显著提高,P<0.01,治疗组2与治疗组l相比神经功能评分提高,P<0.05,均有统计学意义。结论人参总皂甙能明显抑制局灶性脑缺血再灌注大鼠海马CA1区神经细胞的凋亡,显著提高大鼠的神经功能评分,具有明显的神经营养和保护作用。

Objective To investigate the protective effects of ginseng total saponin on brain tissue injury following ischemia-reperfusion in rats with brain ischemia-reperfusion. Methods 40 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups： the control, the sham, the ischemic, the ginseng total saponin-treated 1, and the ginseng total saponintreated 2 groups. The focal cerebral isehemia models were established by blockage the middle cerebral artery （MCA） for 2 h and reperfusion for 48 h. The rats received either ginseng total saponin （50 mg/kg of body weight. ） or saline i.p. just before the beginning of reperfusion and the brains were removed after 48 h, while the ginseng total saponin-treated 2 group was subjected to ginseng total saponin for 3 days and their brains were removed after 72 h. Brain tissues were observed by Nissle staining and TUNEL staining and the data were calculated by using the image analysis system. Results In the ischemic group, the number of neurocyte cells obviously decreased. TUNEL-positive ceils were not found in the normal rats but were found in the brain tissues of the sham and the ginseng total saponin-treated groups. However, TUNEL-posidve cells were found in the ischemic group. Deep brown staining was found in the nuclei of hippocampal and cortical neurons. Ginseng total saponin resulted in significantly fewer TUNEL-positive cells in the neurons compared with the ischemic group （ P 〈 0.01）. Both the 1 and 2 groups had higher neuronal function values than the ischemic reperfusion non-treatment group （ P 〈 0.01 ）, and the ginseng total saponin-treated 2 group was superior to the 1 group （ P 〈 0.05）. Conclusions Ginseng total saponin may restrain the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons and increases the neuronal function value of focal cerebral ischemic-reperfusion rats, and protects the neurons from ischemia-induced apoptosis.