博斯腾湖的水盐平衡与矿化度

WATER-SALT EQUILIBRIUM AND MINERALIZATION OF BOSTEN LAKE, XINJIANG

博斯腾湖曾是中国内陆区最大的淡水湖，因人类活动影响约在1968年演变为微咸水湖．本文依据湖泊水盐平衡及矿化度基本原理，结合博斯滕湖实际，分析计算了该湖各个时期的水盐平衡与矿化度；经推导整理，提出了预测矿化度的计算式，经检验与实测值基本吻合．

Bosten Lake was the largest interior freshwater lake in China. However, it has become a slight saltwater lake since 1960s due to the human activities. In order to reveal the evolution laws of salinization of the lake, water-salt equilibrium and mineralization degree on the different periods are calculated and analyzed based on the observed data. The results show that minerzlization of the lake water rose from 0. 386g/l in 1958 to 1. 87g/l in 1987, afterwards it begins to descend (1.14g/l in 1995) because of increase of the Kaido River's water and built-up of a lake water pumping station at the southwest corner of the lake. However, the descending speed slows down in recent years. Based on the analysis on the correlative data, three formulas are presented for forecasting the minerzlization of Bosten Lake. The examinztions show that tendency method is better than the mults-factor method, and its error is below 5%. Some control measures must be adopted for realizing the lake water to reverse into freshwater again. It is suggested to exploit groundwater in Yanqi Basin so as to increase freshwater volume flowing into Bosten Lake, and the industrial and agricultural waste water must be processed, then it can be drained into the lake.