爆破机理的推墙假说与协能爆破技术研究

Study on Pushing-Wall Hypothesis of Blasting Mechanism and Pushing-Wall Blasting Technology

介绍了推墙假说的基本思想;利用推墙假说分析了两个孔贯穿的3个基本条件:临空自由面、补偿空间以及合推效应;以三个基本条件为标准,比较大区排间微差爆破、压渣爆破、T型起爆、波浪型起爆、斜线起爆、大孔距爆破等的优劣,并设计了一种新的爆破方式——协能爆破。协能爆破的技术要点是:采用三角布孔、排间起爆、前排孔加大抵抗线减小孔距。推墙假说认为,预裂爆破、光面爆破、蓄能爆破与大孔距爆破、协能爆破等源于同一爆破机理,它们都是单排孔齐发爆破孔间易被贯穿这一现象的具体应用。

The paper presents the pushing-wall hypothesis; analyses three primary premises for two-hole to slip in blasting by this hypothesis, i.e. free face, compensation space and joint pushing effect; with these conditions as standard, makes a comparison among large space millisecond blasting, compression blasting, T type blasting, wave type blasting and large hole-distance blasting; and designs a new blasting mode-pushing-wall blasting. The key technical points of pushing- wall blasting include triangular-hole layout, inter-row igniting and enlarging the toe of the front row to reduce hole space. The pushing-wall hypothesis holds that all pre-splitting blasting, smooth blasting, energy accumulation blasting, large hole- space blasting and pushing-wall blasting originate from the same blasting mechanism and they are all specific applications of the fact that the rock between two holes is easy to slip in the single row simultaneous blasting.