仁善之音——徐复观谈儒家艺术精神

THE SOUND OF KINDNESS AND HUMANITY——ON XU FUGUAN'S IDEA ON THE CONFUCIAN SPIRIT OF ART

徐复观认为中国的文化归本于心,心是一切文化的价值根源,亦是道德、艺术的价值根源。心之所出为性,所以徐复观对中国文化的考察落实于中国的人性论史上,对中国艺术精神的考察也是根基于此。徐复观认为中国文化中的艺术精神,穷究到底,只有孔子和庄子所显出的两个典型。本文所要谈的是以孔子为代表的儒家艺术精神。孔子所代表的儒家心性是仁善,以此心性为基础的儒家的艺术精神则为美善合一。而儒家的艺术精神主要体现于音乐上,乐由中出,即乐由性出,所以有乐合同,有仁善之音。而儒家艺术精神是道德与艺术在最高境界中的合一。

According to Xu Fuguan, the basis of the Chinese culture is ＂the mind＂, and ＂the mind＂ is not only the value root of all culture but also of morality and art. ＂Nature＂ grows out of ＂the mind＂. Therefore, his exploration of the Chinese culture is on the human nature, so is his exploration of the Chinese art spirit. In Xu Fuguan＇s opinion, the art spirit in the Chinese culture has only. as a matter of fact, the two models of Confucius and Mencius. This article mainly discusses the Confucian art spirit with Confucius as its representative. The nature of mind that Confucius represents is kindness and humanity, based on which is the Confucian art spirit that combines kindness and beauty in one. The Confucian art spirit is mainly embodied in music. Music comes from nature of mind, thus the sound of kindness and humanity. The Confucian art spirit is the combination of morality and art in the highest state.