合肥市流行性脑脊髓膜炎流行期健康人群带菌率监测分析

Surveillance on the rate of the healthy carrier during the earlier-,medium-and later-stage of epidemic Neisseria meningitis (NM) in Hefei city

目的为制定流脑防治措施提供科学依据,开展流脑疫情预测、预警积累数据。方法采取单纯随机抽样方法,以县区为单位按3～5岁、6～11岁、12～15岁、16～18岁、19～25岁分组,每个年龄组抽取20～30人,分别在流脑流行的前、中、后期连续监测两年,采集调查对象的鼻咽拭子,进行带菌率监测。结果流行前、中、后期带菌率分别为3.5%、5.4%、6.6%,流行后期较前期上升了3.1%;3期带菌率卡方检验有非常显著性差异(χ2=19.168,P=0.000)。菌群分布主要是B群和C群,3期中,C群所占比例上升幅度较大,分别为24.7%、58.0%、60.8%。城市两年流行前期带菌率分别为2.2%、4.2%;发病率分别为4.5/10万和4.3/10万。年龄组带菌率与发病构成均以16～18岁最高;流行前期流脑疫苗接种和未接种者带菌率分别为1.7%、4.5%,差异有非常显著性。结论带菌率随流脑流行前、中、后期,呈不断上升趋势。以C群为主,C群已成为合肥市流脑流行的优势菌群。

Objective To provide data for the forecasting,early warning and preventive measure so as to control epidemic Neisseria meningitis. Methods Taking county as a unit, 20 ~ 30 people were selected from each age group （ 3 5 age,6 ~ 11 age,12 ~ 15 age,16 ~ 18 age,19 ~25age） in the healthy population by simple random sampling method. Sur- veillance at earlier-, medium- and later- stage in two successive years was performed, throat swab specimen was deter- mined. Results The rate of carrier was 3.5% ,5.4% ,6.6% in the three stages respectively. In the later-stage it had an increase by 3. 1% than that of the earlier- stage. There is significant difference among the three stages （ 2 = 19. 168 ,P = 0. 000 ）. Bacteria group distribution showed that group B and group C were the major groups. However the proportion of group C showed an increase with the development of stage. Group C was the leading group during the epidemic of NM in Hefei. Conclusion The surveillance of the healthy carrier in the three stages may provide important data for the control of the epidemic of Neisseria Meningitides.