中小学教师颈椎病患病情况及病因分析

Prevalence and cause of cervical spondylosis in teachers of primary and middle schools

目的了解中小学教师颈椎病患病情况及其病因。方法随机抽取某地区10所中学和8所小学的603例教师作为研究对象,调查教师的一般情况、职业史、生活习惯、颈椎病患病情况等。结果603例调查对象中,颈椎病患病率47.30%,教师每日伏案工作超过5h者颈椎病患病率高于伏案工作少于5h者(P<0.05),长期高枕者患病率高于无长期高枕者(P<0.05),合并咽喉炎者颈椎病患病率高于无咽喉炎者(P<0.05),女性患病率高于男性(P<0.05),有头颈部外伤者高于无头颈部外伤者(P<0.05)。结论中小学教师为颈椎病的高发人群,其中,女性教师多高于男性;教师伏案工作和教师咽喉疲劳等职业因素可能为中小校教师颈椎病高发的主要原因。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of cervical spondylosis in teachers of primary and middle schools ,and discuss the possible factors. Methods 603 teachers were randomly collected from 10 middle schools and 8 primary schools. General health, vocational history, habit, symptoms and other data were collected. Results Among the 603 cases, the prevalence rate of cervical spondylosls was 47. 3%. Teachers working more than 5 hours （bending over desk） had a higher prevalence than those less than 5 hours （P 〈 0. 05 ） , those sleeping with shaking-up pillow （ thlck-filllng pillow） had a higher prevalence. Those with laryngo-pharyngitis had a higher prevalence than those without such problem. Female＇ rate was higher than male＇s （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. The morbidity rate in cases having neck injury history was higher than those without neck injury （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusion The teachers in primary and middle schools are the high-risk group of cervical spondylosis, and female＇ rate was higher than male＇s. The occupational factors such as working bending over desk and hoarse voice might be the major factors causing cervical spondylosis.