西方伦理学中非理性主义的含义及其基本观念

Meaning and Basic Concept of Irrationalism on the Western Ethics

西方伦理学在其发展伊始,就遵循这样一个基本原则:人应该依据其本性来生活。伦理学中的非理性主义的基本观念,便是否认理性主义者所设想的"宇宙理性"和"宇宙正义"的存在,也否认运用理性可以证明普适的伦理原则,并且认为人类在本质上是非理性的,运用理性和服从理性既不是人生的意义所在,也不是幸福生活的保障。因此,尽管各种非理性主义的具体伦理观念并不相同——有的主张只有爱与信仰才是人类幸福和德行的基础,有的张扬生命力和感性欲望的满足是人生的要义,有的鼓吹只有超越利害得失,以审美的态度看待人生才能获得解脱;但是,反知识、反科学却是其共同的、基本的特征。

On the beginning of Western Ethics development, it adheres the law mat numan being ought to live according to natural instincts. It is the basic concept of irrationalism of the western ethics that negates to the exist ence of ＂the rational of universe＂ and ＂the justice of universe＂ by rationalist to imagine, also negates to prove general functional of the ethic law, moreover considers that the essence of mankind is irrational, so that using and submitting the rational is not the life significance as well as the safeguard of happy life. Therefore despite every specific concept of irrationalism is different-some people stand for that only love and belief are the base of mankind happiness and moral conduct, some people publicize vitality and desirable satisfy are the base significance of life, some people stand for that only transcend advantages and disadvantages and human being would obtain free oneself by aesthhtically seeing the world. But their common and basic trait is against to sciences and knowledge.