珠海滨海园林植物盐害及野生耐盐植物调查

Survey of Salt Harm to Coastal Landscape Plants and Salt-tolerant Plants of Zhuhai City

调查了珠海市香洲区滨海情侣路、横琴岛、淇澳岛、高栏岛、荷包岛滨海路段滨海海水盐度、土壤理化性质、园林植物叶部受害状况。结果显示,珠海市海水盐度为10～25‰;滨海区土壤多为中性土(pH值为6.5～7.5),少数为酸性土pH值低于6.5或碱性pH值高于7.5。淇澳岛土壤全盐量和土壤pH值都明显高于其它地点。土壤全盐量与土壤碱解N、交换性Na+存在极显著的相关性。聚类分析结果显示,淇澳岛红树林土壤与其它陆生土壤的养分差异显著,陆生地点的土壤养分差异趋势不一致。珠海滨海园林绿地以小叶榕、椰子、大王椰子、假连翅、福建茶、黄金榕和蔓马缨丹等比较常见。其中,假连翘、小叶榕和黄金榕等72种或变种在滨海区出现盐害,受害率达60.5%。野狸岛、横琴岛、淇澳岛和荷包岛等岛屿滨海区的植物调查结果显示,珠海滨海乡土植物资源丰富,滨海植物种类共记录了56种野生维管植物,有21种具有较高观赏价值。

Sea water salinit5 soil physical and chemical characters, landscape plants and their leafy injuries of Qinglü Road, Qiao Island, Yeli Island, Gaolan Island, Hengqin Island, and Hebao Island of Zhuhai City were surveyed between March and April 2006. The results showed that the seawater salinity varied between 10-25‰. The pH values of most rhizospheric soils of the studied sites varied between 6.5-7.5, Only a few samples below 6.5 or above 7.5. Regression analysis of soil salinitT and soil fertility, only available N and exchanged Na^＋ were siguificantly related . Cluster analysis showed that the mangrove soil of Qiao Island was significantly different from other terrestrial sites. The soil fertility variation trend of the terrestrial sites was not clear. The commonest species along coastal landscape are Ficus microcarpa, Cocos nucifera, Roystonea regia, Duranta erecta, Carmona microphylla, Ficus microcarpa ＇Golden Leaves＇, and Lantana montevidensis. Of these 72 species （60.5% of the species studied） showed injury symptoms of salt harms. They were characterized by leaf withering. The symptoms were more serious near the sea. 56 vascular species were recorded in the coastal vegetation of four islands surveyed, 21 of which had potential in landscape planting.